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Policy Debate

The Design of Digital Automation Technologies: Implications for the Future of Work

Maria Savona, Tommaso Ciarli, Ed Steinmueller, Simone Vannuccini

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 4-10

  • Automation technologies, including within the same family, are fundamentally heterogeneous in their design and the tasks they can execute.
  • While the number of sectors that are exposed to most digital automation technologies is still relatively limited, it is expanding.
  • Data-intensive technologies are more pervasive in services than in manufacturing sector.
  • Thi
[... more]
  • Read more about The Design of Digital Automation Technologies: Implications for the Future of Work
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/design-digital-auto…

Robots, AI, and Immigration – A Race for Talent or of Displaced Workers

Yvonne Giesing, Britta Rude

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 20-23

  • Adoption of new technologies can affect different skill groups differently, potentially increasing inequality between migrant and native populations
  • New technologies often create skill shortages
  • Industrial robots and artificial intelligence have important beneficial labor market effects on natives, but not migrants
  • We observe an increase in the immigrant inflow as a
[... more]
  • Read more about Robots, AI, and Immigration – A Race for Talent or of Displaced Workers
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/robots-ai-and-immig…

The Effect of Robotization in OECD Countries on Latin American Exports

Andreas Baur, Lisandra Flach, Isabella Gourevich

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 33-36

  • The effects of automation in high-income countries are not limited to domestic economies, but might spill over via global supply chains
  • We evaluate the effects of robot adoption in OECD countries on exports from Latin America to the OECD along the value chain
  • We combine detailed firm-level data for four Latin American countries with data on robot adoption and input-outp
[... more]
  • Read more about The Effect of Robotization in OECD Countries on Latin American Exports
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/effect-robotization…

Skills Mismatch, Automation, and Training: Evidence from 17 European Countries Using Survey Data and Online Job Ads

Yuchen Guo, Christina Langer, Fabio Mercorio, Francesco Trentini

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 11-15

  • Linking survey data and online job ads offers new insights into skills gaps in the EU
  • Matching labor market needs and skill supply remains a Europe-wide challenge
  • Manual workers have skill supply shortages, cognitive workers have skill supply surpluses
  • Workers at higher risk of automation experience higher skill shortages, potentially because their job tasks are
[... more]
  • Read more about Skills Mismatch, Automation, and Training: Evidence from 17 European Countries Using Survey Data and Online Job Ads
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/skills-mismatch-aut…

Heterogeneous Adjustments of Employment to Automation Technologies: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in European Regions

Tommaso Ciarli, Florencia Jaccoud, Fabien Petit

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 24-28

  • Employment adjustments to automation vary across industries, regions, technologies, and time
  • Technological penetration of robots is related to higher employment within the industry in low-tech regions in the short run
  • Robots are negatively correlated to employment in knowledge-intensive regions
  • Regional heterogeneity in employment adjustment to robots is not d
[... more]
  • Read more about Heterogeneous Adjustments of Employment to Automation Technologies: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in European Regions
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/heterogeneous-adjus…

Nearshoring and Farsharing in Europe within the Global Economy

Filippo Bontadini, Valentina Meliciani, Maria Savona, Ariel Wirkierman

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 37-42

  • We distinguish the geographical source and destination of value added contributed by each country-industry to each country-global-value-chain (GVC) from both input sourcing and output destination perspectives
  • We define indicators that capture the relative intensity of regional vis-à-vis global (i.e., extra-regional) components of foreign value added and employment
  • Europe is increasingly sourc
[... more]
  • Read more about Nearshoring and Farsharing in Europe within the Global Economy
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/nearshoring-and-far…

Elderly Left Behind? How Older Workers Can Participate in the Modern Labor Market

Oliver Falck, Valentin Lindlacher, Simon Wiederhold

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 16-19

  • Digital skills are positively related to employment prospects and productivity of older workers
  • They also enable older workers to work in high-paying jobs
  • Fortunately, digital skills can be acquired and honed at all ages
  • Policymakers should incentivize employers to offer more training for the elderly and fund training programs in higher-education institutions<
[... more]
  • Read more about Elderly Left Behind? How Older Workers Can Participate in the Modern Labor Market
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/elderly-left-behind…

Regional Diversification and Inequality between and within Regions

Ron Boschma

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 29-32

  • The relationship between diversification and wage inequality in regions is still poorly understood
  • Related diversification is crucial for economic growth of regions
  • Related diversification in more complex industries tends to increase wage inequality between regions
  • Related diversification in less complex industries tends to reduce wage inequality
  • It
[... more]
  • Read more about Regional Diversification and Inequality between and within Regions
https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2022/aufsatz-zeitschrift/regional-diver…

Is Working from Home Here to Stay? A Look at 35 Million Job Ads

Jean-Victor Alipour, Christina Langer, Layla O’Kane

ifo Schnelldienst 74 (09), 46-52

  • We analyze the prevalence of working from home (WfH) in Germany using more than 35 million online job advertisements from 2014 to 2021
  • While the option to work from home was rare in job advertisements before the coronavirus crisis, the shock of the pandemic led to a boom
  • At the same time, regional, occupational, and sectoral inequalities in access to WfH have decreased during the pandemic
[... more]
  • Read more about Is Working from Home Here to Stay? A Look at 35 Million Job Ads
https://www.ifo.de/en/publikationen/2021/article-journal/will-people-continue-w…

Is Working from Home Here to Stay? A Look at 35 Million Job Ads

Jean-Victor Alipour, Christina Langer and Layla O’Kane

ifo Institute, Munich, 2021, CESifo Forum 22 (6), 41-46

We analyze the prevalence of working from home (WfH) in Germany using more than 35 million online job advertisements from 2014 to 2021. While a WfH option was rare in job ads before the crisis, the Covid-19 shock led to an unprecedented WfH boom. At the same time, regional, occupational, and sectoral inequalities in access to WfH have decreased during the pandemic. We also document a higher demand for digital skills, teamwork, and adaptability in job ads with a WfH option. We conclude with an outlook for the future of WfH.

[... more]
  • Read more about Is Working from Home Here to Stay? A Look at 35 Million Job Ads
www.cesifo.org/de/publikationen/2021/aufsatz-zeitschrift/working-home-here-stay…

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